Panchanga
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How to read Panchanga: guide
How to read Panchanga for your city
Panchanga describes a traditional Vedic day through five limbs: Tithi, Nakshatra, Vara, Nitya Yoga and Karana. Choose a date and city in the calculator above. Sunrise and transition times depend on location.
Tithi — the lunar day
A Tithi covers each 12° change in the angular separation of the Moon and Sun. It is not a fixed 24-hour civil day: its start and end can occur at any local time. Shukla Paksha is the waxing half of the lunar cycle; Krishna Paksha is the waning half.
Nakshatra — a division of the lunar path
The traditional zodiac is divided into 27 Nakshatras of 13°20′ each. The Moon’s sidereal position determines the Nakshatra for a given instant. Its symbolism and planetary ruler belong to traditional interpretation; the actual boundary time is calculated separately.
Vara, Nitya Yoga and Karana
Vara is the weekday associated with local sunrise in Panchanga reckoning. Nitya Yoga uses the sum of the Sun’s and Moon’s sidereal longitudes in divisions of 13°20′. Karana is half a Tithi, corresponding to every 6° increment in their angular separation. Each limb describes a different dimension of the same day.
Why do city and time zone matter?
An astronomical transition occurs at one instant, but appears at different local clock times around the world. Sunrise also differs between Kyiv, London and Delhi, so the calendar entry for a given civil date can vary by location. Select the place where you intend to observe the event or practice.